ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in pistachio nuts during various preparing processes: tracing from Iran
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a secondary metabolite produced by some Aspergillus species, which haveharmful impacts on human health such as carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, acute and chronic toxicity.In this study, the occurrence of AFB1 in pistachio nuts during various preparing processes wasinvestigated in two pistachio farms from Qazvin province, Iran, from September to November 2012.High Performance detected level of AFB1 and Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) containedfluorescence detector using especial immunoaffinity columns. The results showed that AFB1 waspresent in the samples (100%) in during pre-harvesting, harvesting and post-harvesting stages. Thehighest mean value of AFB1 (27.58±2.12 μg/kg) was found in pistachio samples after harvestingprocess. Forty-six of 84 pistachio nuts (54.76%) in various process periods exceeded the maximumtolerable limit (2μg/kg) that set for AFB1 by European Union regulations. In addition, the resultsindicated that AFB1 levels in the samples had increased over storage time (P<0.05). As a result, postharvestand storage strategies are the best time to prevent mold growth and aflatoxins production.
https://jmr.ut.ac.ir/article_51626_23a0fe26428000bcbd7fa33644a3f3a9.pdf
2014-09-01
1
5
Aflatoxin B1
HPLC
Pistachio
Razzagh
Mahmoudi
mahmodi@tabrizu.ac.ir
1
Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Norian
norian.reza@yahoo.com
2
Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Drug Residues, Veterinary Medicine Office, Gazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Farzad
Katiraee
f.katiraee@tabrizu.ac.ir
3
Department of Pathobiology, Division of Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Pajohi-Alamoti
mr.pajohi@basu.ac.ir
4
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Para-Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Jamal
Emami
sj.emami22@gmail.com
5
Department of Pathobiology, Division of Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficacy of Spirulina platensis on immune functions in cancer mice with systemic candidiasis
The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Spirulina platensis (S.platensis) by measuring the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-|γ| in mice suffered from systemic candidiasis and breast cancer. Theaqueous extract of S. platensis was selected for this study. Balb/C female mice were inoculated withCandida albicans (C. albicans) and spontaneous mouse mammary tumor (SMMT). Five days afterCandida inoculation, the serum levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) wereassessed by Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The animals were treated daily with S.platensis solution (800 mg/kg, 0.2 ml, orally) for 3 days before IV challenge with C. albicans, andSC challenge with SMMT and continued for 10 days. The survival rate and tumor size of understudyanimals were determined, as well. ELISA determined the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ IFN T γ-4, IL-10and IL-17 cytokines in supernatants. The results demonstrated that S. platensis decreased thesecretion of IL-4 (45.1 pg/ml) and IL-10 (208.4 pg/ml) in tumor-bearing mice infected with C.albicans, whereas the levels of IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ increased to nearly 93.4 p/ml, 316.2 pg/mland 137.1 pg/ml in this group, respectively. These findings clearly suggest that S. platensis has aremarkable immunomodulatory effect, which provides a scientific validation for the popular use ofthis natural substance, and assisted in the additional investigation of their complete mechanism ofaction.
https://jmr.ut.ac.ir/article_51627_6a605f81f0fada7d5474a23188606723.pdf
2014-09-01
7
13
cancer
cytokine
disseminated candidiasis
Spirulina platensis
Hojjatollah
Shokri
hshokri@umz.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Khosravi
khosravi@ut.ac.ir
2
Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Taghavi
mtaghavi@yahoo.com
3
Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fungal flora of the hair coat of domestic golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) with and without skin lesions in Mashhad, Iran
The objective of this study was to investigate fungal flora of the hair coat of domestic golden hamsterswith and without skin lesions. Sixty hamsters were examined in the Small Animal Teaching Hospitalof the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and Mashhad, Iran. Asteriletoothbrush was used for sample collection, from the entire body of the hamsters, all skin lesions werescraped as well with a scalpel. The mycological analysis was performed using direct microscopicexamination and culture media. The direct microscopic examination and culture results werenegative for dermatophytes. Of the 60 hamsters examined, 20 (33.3%) resulted in positive culturesfor yeast species; of which 11 (18.3%) were Malassezia spp., 8 (13.3%) Candida spp. and 1 (1.7%)Rhodotorula rubra. Rhizopus spp. (50%), Penicillium spp. (38.3%), Cladosporium spp. (23.3%),Aspergillus (A.) fumigatus (23.3%), A. flavus (20%) and Mucor spp. (13.3%) were the mostfrequently isolated saprophytes. It is concluded that the skin of hamsters, as that of other animals, iscontaminated by a variety of saprophytic fungi without concurrent skin lesions, some of which areopportunistic or allergens.
https://jmr.ut.ac.ir/article_51628_82ce0fc36650d2fff15f09c9e32cfc6a.pdf
2014-09-01
15
20
dermatophyte
fungal flora
golden hamster
saprophyte
Yeast
Mahnaz
Shariatzadeh
shariatzadeh.mahnaz@gmail.com
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Samaneh
Eidi
eidi@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Javad
Khoshnegah
khoshnegah@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Successful treatment of macrorhabdosis in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) using sodium benzoate
Macrorhabdosis is a debilitating syndrome in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) due to theascomycetous yeast Macrorhabdus ornithogaster. In the present study, occurrences of acutemacrorhabdosis resulting in severe mortality in budgerigar fledglings and the effect of differenttreatment regimens for the control of the disease were investigated. The budgerigar (Melopsittacusundulates) flock consisted of over five hundred breeding adults. The morbidity of chicks reached90% with more than 50% mortality. The significant clinical and pathological findings includeddistended abdomen, diarrhoea, ingluvitis, proventriculitis, and mild enteritis. Severe M.ornithogaster infection was diagnosed based on cytologic and histologic investigations. Threeweeks of nystatin medication in the feed and vinegar administration in the drinking water led tomoderate improvement of the flock mortality. After the initial treatment, 500 mg/Lsodium benzoatewas administered in the drinking water for four weeks. The second treatment regimen waspromisingly effective in reducing mortality. However, some sick and retarded birds with M.ornithogaster with positive proventricular smears at necropsy were found in the flock.Consequently, a higher dosage of 1 gr/Lin drinking water for another four weeks was recommended.After the eight weeks of treatment, no new cases were found in the flock and all dropping samplesbecame negative for the presence of M. ornithogaster. Based on these preliminary findings, sodiumbenzoate can be an efficient and inexpensive alternative to the previous labour intensive andexpensive treatment using amphotericin B.
https://jmr.ut.ac.ir/article_51629_2f673f7427fe2fcbd50cf28575a158fb.pdf
2014-09-01
21
27
budgerigar
macrorhabdosis
Macrorhabdus ornithogaster
megabacteriosis
sodium
benzoate
Seyed Ahmad
Madani
madani@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amir
Ghorbani
dr.amirghorbani@gmail.com
2
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Arabkhazaeli
farab@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mycoflora of Ostrich (Struthio camelus) gastrointestinal tract as a human hazard
Ostriches are susceptible to bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases. One of the most commonstrategies to reduce microbial contamination in animal production systems is to identify microbesources. In this regard, a first critical component for comprehensive farm-to-fork strategies to reducethe burden of foodborne illness is the identification of the pathogenic fungi in foodstuffs with animalsources, and the reduction of human pathogen contamination in food production. This study wascarried out to identify to mycoflora in the ostriches' (Struthio camelus) gastrointestinal tract (GIT),in the northwest of Iran. The samples were taken from different parts of the gut tract, including crop,gizzard, intestine and caecum of 50 ostriches. Atotal of 396 fungal colonies were obtained from GIT.These isolates belonged to 17 genera, and Candida (18.7 %), Aspergillus (16.7 %), Monascus (10.6%), Trichosporon (6.6 %) and Fusarium (6 %) were predominant isolates. Among the Candidaisolates, C. tropicalis was the most predominant isolates following by C. albicans, C. glabrata andC. krusei. Aspergillus spp. and Monascus ruber were predominant isolates among the mould fungi.
https://jmr.ut.ac.ir/article_51630_888523d750ace63d516ce1368fe88837.pdf
2014-09-01
29
34
mycoflora
foodborne
Monascus
Ostriches
Hassan
Ghorbani Choboghlo
hghorbani67@ut.ac.ir
1
Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aghil
Sharifzadeh
hghorbani67@yahoo.com
2
Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Nikpiran
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Jafar
Nasrollahnejad
hasandvm8484@yahoo.com
4
Islamic Azad University of Bonab branch, Bonab, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
General overview of fungal allergic asthma
Asthma is a complicated disorder, whose prevalence has increased over the past few decades.Asthma is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes along with enhancedproinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Fungi are now far more widely being considered as thedominant extrinsic trigger for asthma. Fungi are linked to the severity of asthma in many ways. Somedifferences between studies can be partly attributed to difficulties in the standardization of mouldallergen extracts for skin-testing techniques. Allergy to fungi is associated with increased asthmasymptoms and severity, increased asthma risk, and even death. These fungi are zoonosis; pet animalscould be the main source of pathogenic fungi and infection and treatment of pets and periodicchecking with a veterinarian could help avoid fungi-allergic asthma. Attention therefore needs to bepaid to fungi infection in allergic reactions, especially in asthma.
https://jmr.ut.ac.ir/article_51631_8a7f29f4616d7bcfe6e85f68b3b175a9.pdf
2014-09-01
35
41
Asthma
fungi
allergic reactions
Ali Akbar
Pourfathollah
pourfa@modares.ac.ir
1
Department of Immunology, faculty of Medical sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Beyzayi
fatemeh.beyzay@gmail.com
2
Department of Immunology, faculty of Medical sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Khodadadi
khodadadi@gmail.com
3
Islamic Azad University, Malekan Branch, Malekan, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyyed Shamsadin
Athari
ss.athari@gmail.com
4
Department of Immunology, faculty of Medical sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of denture-wearing on colonization and antifungal resistance of oral Candida albicans isolates in healthy people
The primary focus of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of Candida albicans isolatesin the oral cavity and its probable correlation with dental implant applications and prosthesis. Wecollected oral swabs from patients who had attended private dentistry clinics, followed by stringentand controlled antifungal susceptibility testing and calculation of colony forming units (CFUs).Amphotericin B, Fluconazole and Itraconazole were three antifungals tested by CLSI M27-A2 brothmicrodilution protocol. The MIC ranges for three tested antifungals in Candida albicans isolateswere obtained as 0.0625-1, 0.125-16 and 0.0313-0.5 μg/ml, respectively. Additionally, in non-Candida albicans isolates, MIC ranges for three antifungals were achieved as 0.25-1, 0.125-16 and0.0313-0.125 μg/ml, respectively. MIC50 values of both tested azoles in the Candida albicansgroupwere higher than related values in the non-Candida albicans group. Moreover, CFU counts fordenture-acquired people were higher than for participants not wearing denture applications,indicating the proposal that the surface of dentures or any other synthetic implants in the oral cavitymay result in providing an appropriate environment for the colonization of yeasts.
https://jmr.ut.ac.ir/article_51632_a6c309d3101000e71c49148fbacd0bac.pdf
2014-09-01
43
53
Antifungal
Resistance
CFU
denture
Albicans
Ghasem
Vahedi
g_vahedi@yahoo.com
1
Mycology Research Center , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Golnaz
Sharafi
golnazsharafi@gmail.com
2
Mycology Research Center , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Vahedi
vahedimail@yahoo.com
3
Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sahra
Vahedi
vahediemail@yahoo.com
4
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Tabassom
Mohajer
mohajer.tabassom1991@gmail.com
5
Mycology Research Center , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Teimur
Abbasi
6
Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA): an approach for quick detection and identification of fungal species
Conventional methods for fungal identification in the clinical laboratory rely on morphological andphysiological tests. These tests often need several days or weeks to complete and are frequentlyunspecific. Molecular identification mostly implies sequencing, which is relatively expensive andtime-consuming, as well as impractical for large numbers of isolates. The Rolling CircleAmplification approach, known as RCA, is a quick, critical and economic method for fungal species'identification. Despite its high speed, this method is highly sensitive, and it has been widely used forthe detection of pathogenic fungi. The specific probes are designed based on the differences in thenucleotide regions of the target gene for the target species. The amplification product can bevisualized by agarose gel electrophoresis, but can also be visualized in gel-free systems usingfluorescence staining of the amplified product by SYBR Green in combination with a UVtransilluminator. Thus, the simplicity, sensitivity, robustness and low costs make RCA an attractivetechnique for the reliable identification of sibling species and other closely related fungi.
https://jmr.ut.ac.ir/article_51633_79ef0527e818b60dec21d143a1aeaee2.pdf
2014-09-01
55
62
Padlock probes
Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA)
Single nucleotide polymorphisms
Sahar
Javaheri Tehrani
sahar.tehrani4353@yahoo.com
1
1Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mansour
Aliabadian
aliabadian@yahoo.com
2
Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Research Department of Zoological Innovations, Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolmajid
Fata
fataa@mums.ac.ir
3
3Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Research Center for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Javad
Najafzadeh
najafzadehmj@mums.ac.ir
4
Department of Parasitology and Mycology and Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR